Relevance of International Human Resource Management

Importance of International Human Resource Management The investigation of International Human Resource Management is fine in the event that you are going to work in a huge Multinational Enterprise, yet has no pertinence for people who are going to work in little firms. Do you concur or oppose this idea? Offer reasons and fitting guides to help your response. This paper embarks to show that the investigation of worldwide human asset the executives is good for people who are going to work in little firms whether in an administration or laborer limit . It is noticed that a â€Å"small firm† might be worldwide and with the end goal of this conversation it is expected that the deduction is that they are most certainly not. This paper will exhibit that through demonstrating that a valuation for various ways to deal with work there can be benefits for the individual worker and the administrator. Further advantages will be seen through exhibiting that exacting adherence to acknowledged national traditions and culture can negatively affect business achievement. There will likewise be a conversation on how people and organizations should know about the undeniably multicultural nature of the British workforce. To open this discussion it is important to characterize what is implied by the term â€Å"international human asset management†. Examination concerning the term recommends that the accentuation lies on the best way to work the human asset the executives work in worldwide organizations and that it is worried about the likenesses and contrasts of overseeing in various nations and how to incorporate a business culture across global limits. In any case, it is discovered that little consideration is given to the way that the UK has an undeniably worldwide workforce and while they might be dependent upon the frameworks, methodology and laws of the UK, they way they think and work is unequivocally influenced by their own national culture which may differ altogether to that of the UK. The BBC reports that â€Å"(a) record 582,000 individuals came to live in the UK from somewhere else on the planet in 2004, as per government expertsâ€Å" (BBC 2005, p. not given). They further propose that this deluge is important to help the UK economy develop as most of these transients have gone to the nation to work. The Times paper bolsters this in detailing that â€Å"Britain required laborers for 600,000 opening, including low-paid occupations that were frequently hard to fillâ€Å" and proceeds to state that â€Å"(e)mployers are forcefully enlisting staff from other countries† (Nugent et al 2004, page not given). They likewise found that 96% of these vagrants were utilized in all day work (Nugent et al 2004). This shows the UK workforce is getting progressively worldwide and different. The fundamental contentions for the expansion in familiarity with universal human asset the executives would appear to pressure the weights on directors working in worldwide organizations. For instance of this, Trompenaars et al reveal to us that â€Å"(i)nternational directors have it extreme. They should work on various premises at any one time. These premises emerge from their way of life of source, the way of life wherein they are working and the way of life of the association which utilizes them† (Trompenaars et al 1997, p. 3). Nonetheless, the author would contend that similar difficulties likewise face those working in an exclusively UK based business as they become progressively liable to be working with and for partners who begin from nations other than the UK and have distinctive social desires. To have the option to guarantee that the working connection between bunches is a profitable and positive one, every individual would profit by a comprehension of certain part s of global human asset the executives particularly in the territory of culture where mentalities towards initiative, inspiration, and pay and acknowledgment may fluctuate. A further advantage of familiarity with various human asset the executives practices might be the acknowledgment that UK based organizations might have the option to receive positive parts of different nations work practices and societies. Mullins (2005) states, there are advantages to be found in a business taking a gander at how it’s national culture might be constraining their capacity to be deliberately serious. He proceeds by refering to Trompenaars who felt that his own work â€Å"helped supervisors to structure their encounters and gave bits of knowledge to them and their associations into the genuine wellspring of issues confronted while overseeing across societies or managing diversity† (Trompenaars 1999, p. 31. refered to in Mullins 2005, p. 43). Against the contention for people who are going to work in a little firm considering global human asset the board is the scope of territories such a subject spreads. Global human asset supervisors need to have a valuation for the laws and approaches of the nations their manager works in and while this may important to a UK representative, it's anything but a territory they would naturally have the option to impact or change. This carries us to the inquiries of whether instead of global human asset the board, what we are talking about is the administration of decent variety both from the perspective of a chief who oversees crafted by a multicultural workforce or the instance of an individual specialist whose associates start from an assortment of social foundations. Streams underpins this point and expresses that â€Å"(d)ifferences in national culture may have an orientation on how associations manage one another and furthermore on conduct inside associations which contain a blend of nationalities† (Brooks 2003, p. 264). Francesco and Gold state that â€Å"managers must create authoritative frameworks that are adaptable enough to consider the importance of work and the general estimation of remunerations inside the scope of societies where they operate† (Francesco et al 1998, p. 144) and while when saying this, they implied it to be applied to global associations, the equivalent can be supposed to be valid for those working in a multicultural domain broadly based. Mullins concurs with this in saying that â€Å"there are various excellent reasons why we could helpfully comprehend social contrasts (and closeness) at work, in view of new mindfulness adding to our own viability and in addition to the achievement of hierarchical goals† (Mullins 2005, p. 44). He proceeds to state that â€Å"there could in this way be favorable circumstances of multifaceted mindfulness which include: expanded mindfulness; affectability to distinction; scrutinizing our own presumptions and information; reducin g obliviousness, bias and hatred† (Mullins 2005, p. 44). For instance, a director with a transcendently British social foundation may need to adjust their persuasive strategies for people from societies where acknowledgment through acclaim is more profoundly respected than a money related reward. From the scholars own understanding, a typical UK practice of publicizing singular execution levels was seen as exceptionally demotivating and a wellspring of disquiet among an overwhelmingly Asian workforce. Adler proposes there are inbuilt threats where multi-social groups work â€Å"(m)istrust including generalizing; miscommunication with potential for decreased precision and resultant pressure; process troubles, that is inability to concur when understanding is required or even what establishes understanding while showing up at decisions† (Adler 1997, refered to in Mullins 2005, p. 44). To beat these likely issues, there must be a comprehension and valuation for the human asset the executives frameworks of different societies as these will impact the work desires and practices of the workforce. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) consider the to be if decent variety as being vital. They state that â€Å"(t)oday, numerous associations are out-thinking and outflanking their rivals by utilizing assorted variety as a system for guaranteeing long haul achievement and advantageâ€Å" (CIPD date not known page not given). They bolster his view by including that â€Å"(i)n the essence of evolving socioeconomics, a narrowing ability pool and an inexorably worldwide commercial center, sustaining the innovativeness, advancement and concealed capability of associations is vital† (CIPD date not known page not given). A further perspective to be considered is the legitimate prerequisite for organizations to grasp decent variety in their workforce. Since the 1970s there has been an expanding measure of enactment in the UK identifying with pay fairness and sex and racial segregation. In any case, a CIPD study found that 68% of respondents gave â€Å"legal pressures† as the key driver for assorted variety in their business (CIPD 2006, p. 3) proposing instead of an energy about the business advantages of grasping assorted variety, the significance set on these issues is expected more to a dread of the negative exposure and expenses related with legitimate activity because of separation. The idea of worldwide human asset the board has been believed to be principally the worry of people who are to expect to work across land limits. It has been shown anyway that there are numerous parts of the subject that are not just relevant to those planning to work for a little firm, yet could likewise profit them in having the option to empower social decent variety and embrace great practice from different nations. The undeniably worldwide workforce in the UK and the acquaintance of enactment relating with decent variety implies that businesses and representatives must have an attention to the zones of universal human asset the executives that identify with comprehension and grasping social contrasts. References and book index. Adler, N.J. (2001). Global Dimensions of Organizational Behavior. California, USA: South-Western College Publishing. BBC. (2005). Record movement levels to UK. Gotten to at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hello there/uk/435

Importance of Marketing in Travel and Tourism Industry

Questions: 1. Talk about the center ideas of showcasing for the movement and the travel industry part. 2. Survey the effect of the showcasing condition on singular travel and the travel industry organizations and traveler goals. 3. Examine the elements influencing purchaser inspiration and request in the movement and tourismsector. 4. break down the standards of market division and its uses in promoting arranging. Answers: Presentation This errand depends on a case situation wherein as a promoting chief (associate) the necessity for Thomson Management is to make a social bundle of 6 days to visit. 1. Center Concepts of Marketing in Travel and Tourism Industry Thomson Holidays is an administrator in voyaging industry in the United Kingdom. The association had been found as an auxiliary organization of the Thomson Travel Group in the year 1965. Since late occasions, the association has been demonstrating ability towards production of various social bundle for a little while of six days to four better places that incorporate Porto, Lisbon, Amsterdam and Denmark. In this unique situation, this report will investigate various ideas and contemplations identified with promoting in the mechanical part of movement and the travel industry. The incorporated contention for the accomplishment later on for the travel industry is a critical point to comprehend the patterns and using their positive effect, while the negatives must be repealed. Markets developing at quick rate need vital administration situated with fast development. System can be alluded to as deciding the fundamental objectives of long haul for the association. This must be done in arrangement of the course of activities picked and according to the requirement for the portion of assets so as to execute the objectives set (Keller, 2009). In setting with the promoting of the association for new social bundle, the association of Thomson must accept the open door out of mass movement among the voyagers that will contribute in driving the strategy of the travel industry at an enormous scope. The bundle must be fixed at a lower measure of cost, directing the expanded degree of enthusiasm among the voyagers inside the market for this class of items. This multi day bundle will be for visit to 4 goals which are comprehensive of Denmark, Amsterdam, Lisbon and Porto. The bundle will be comprehensive of modest reasonable of transport in addition to convenience in the goal places with lunch, supper and breakfast comprehensive. This should be possible by the aggregation of extra members inside the market of the travel industry that had been directed with the methodology identified with the necessities for consistency in substance as for the traditional items (Roger, 2012). With the idea of mass movement, there can be impression of dedication identified with the subject in settling on the decision of normalized ideas, and furthermore by choosing items in a broadened way of the adequate items for the new interests and the new conditions. 2. Effect of Marketing Environment on Business The association of Thomson Holiday has been a major administrator and one of the most popular association in the business of the travel industry. In any case, building up the occasion bundle of 6 days to 4 goals will be affected by the outer condition of the travel industry. As Thomson occasion exists in U.K, the outer condition of UK for significant factors should be considered. These outer variables are comprehensive of political, social, natural, practical, mechanical and lawful contemplations. Truly, without the division of market, the association won't have the option to set up any sorts of plans in regards to conduct, psychographic, topography, and demography of clients. Anyway there are a few issues affecting the advertising condition of movement and the travel industry yet the most fundamental issue has an association with understanding the source nation and examples of movement. The spot to which voyagers are from is basic and their examples of movement is likewise significa nt for thought particularly concerning outbound and inbound travel. Along these lines promoting procedure chose here will be very much evolved specialty based showcasing methodology prompting the development of all out market. So as to build up this, picture of the clients will be estimated with respect to these 4 goals. This bundle with its suitable showcasing system will help in persuading the client of the bundles possibility when bought driving towards picking up certainty of clients and their trust. 3. Elements Affecting Consumer Motivation and Demand A significant factor to mull over when advertising the new bundle will be to investigate the inspiration of the vacationers to take up the specific bundle. Elements from this point of view can be isolated into 2 classifications which are comprehensive basically of persuasive components that help in upgrading the inspiration of the explorer for buying this bundled occasion and besides assurance factors that can help in deciding if travelers have the capacity of buying the item as wanted. So as to include persuasive variables, the bundle occasion will be made convoluted with unmistakable alongside immaterial components, offering experience to traveler and not only an item, helping the vacationers though essential, recognizing the conviction, demeanor and passionate desire for the visitors as far as this bundle. Inspiration will likewise be estimated from the viewpoint of the reason for which vacationers will visit these goals as remembered for the bundle occasion which explicitly is fo r reproducing and holidaying. 4. Standards of Market Segmentation Division is alluded to as the contribution of exercises to part the clients or the clients with most noteworthy possibility inside specific fragments or gatherings. In this specific section, the clients will be sharing a typical level of enthusiasm inside the administrations or items being given. As a noteworthy rule of market division, it is critical to comprehend and distinguish the distinctions in classifications (Roger, 2012). This is because of the way that with the end goal of market division, showcase has been sorted into three unique classifications. These classifications are grouped market, diffused market and homogenous market. In the homogenous market, every single possibility or client is comparative in various distinctive huge courses in connection with the administrations, items or the business. Diffused market includes those possibilities or clients that are distinctive in a number manners identified with the administration, item or business. Then again, the bunched ad vertise is the one including discernable groups of possibilities or clients across applicable attributes, needs or assessments identified with the administration, item or business. With the end goal of this occasion bundle, the clients will be sectioned based on demographical and geological highlights. For the most part voyagers from U.K with high living way of life and high salary bunches visit the 4 characterized goal in this bundle occasion explicitly for relaxation and entertainment. End The association of Thomson Holiday has been a major administrator and one of the most acclaimed association in the business of the travel industry. The travel industry bundle occasion of 6 days taking into account 4 goals will have the option to pull in a few focused on clients from U.K particularly on the grounds that it thinks about all the standards of promoting and inspirational elements. References Keller (2009). A Framework for Marketing Management, fourth ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. Lee, Y. (2005). The ascent of right-time showcasing. The Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 12 (3): 212225. Roger A. (2012). Showcasing: The Core, McGaw-Hill Ryerson. p. 31.

Abbreviations After a Psychotherapists Name

Abbreviations After a Psychotherapist's Name More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide Psychotherapy is conducted by a professional with specialized training, for example, a psychiatrist, a trained counselor, social worker, or psychologist. But how do you make sense of the alphabet soup after their names? What are the qualifications of the person treating you? Doctoral Degrees Although its common to associate the title doctor with a medical doctor, this title can refer to anyone who has an advanced degree. That being said, just because someone calls themselves doctor doesnt mean they are qualified to offer you treatment. They could just as easily have a Ph.D. in English or archaeology. If you are in doubt, ask to see their full credentials. Here are some professional titles you may run into with therapy. M.D. (Medical Doctor) Training for an M.D. begins by earning a bachelors degree that includes coursework in subjects such as biology, physics, math, chemistry, and social sciences. After passing the Medical Competency Aptitude Test (MCAT), students then enroll in medical school where they complete two years of classroom coursework followed by two more years of clinical rotations in different medical facilities. After finishing medical school, students then complete a four-year residency in their specialty area. M.D.s are also required to pass tests to earn a medical license and obtain medical board certification. Psychiatrists are usually M.D.s. Because they possess a medical degree, they can prescribe medications, as well as administer psychotherapy. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) Ph.D.  programs may offer degrees in many diverse areas ranging anywhere from agriculture to urban economic development. Psychologists often have this degree as well. Psychologists generally cannot prescribe medication, although in the states of Illinois, Louisiana, and New Mexico, appropriately trained psychologists may be granted the right to prescribe medications.   A Ph.D. requires first earning a bachelors degree, which usually takes four years to complete. Students may choose to earn an undergraduate degree in a subject such as psychology, sociology, counseling, education, or social work. The next step is to complete graduate school, which usually takes between four and seven years to finish. While degree requirements vary, Ph.D. programs tend to be research-oriented and require students to complete original research and a dissertation. Students are required to complete a supervised internship in a clinical setting and pass state exams before becoming a licensed psychologist. How to Earn a Ph.D. in Psychology Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) This type of psychology degree focuses more on the practice of psychology than scientific research and teaching.  The Psy.D. degree option emerged as an alternative to the Ph.D. and focused on training psychologists as mental health practitioners. A Psy.D. also takes between four and seven years to complete but is focused more on professional practice rather than research. Course work is focused on topics such as diagnosis, assessment, and clinical interventions. For psychologists, both a Ph.D. and Psy.D. require students to complete a supervised internship in a professional setting and pass state exams in order to be licensed. Overview of Psy.D. Doctorate Psychology Degree D.Min. (Doctor of Ministry) The Doctor of Ministry is a degree that may be held by a minister. The D.Min. degree is a professional degree that allows religious ministers to offer pastoral counseling. In the United States, the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) requires students to first earn a Master of Divinity (M.Div.) or an equivalent degree and complete a minimum of three years of full-time ministry work before earning a D.Min. degree. A Doctor of Ministry degree usually takes between three and six years to complete. Masters Degrees Whereas doctors may have three to four years of education plus years of internship and residency beyond a bachelors degree, masters programs are generally closer to two years. Some degrees you may encounter include: M.S.W: Stands for Masters in Social Work. This is the degree that social workers generally possess. After completing a bachelors degree, it typically takes two to three years of graduate study to earn an M.S.W.M.Ed.: Stands for Masters in Education. Many counselors have this degree. It may be given in any field of education. This degree usually takes between two to three years of graduate study to complete.M.S.Ed.: Stands for Master of Science in Education.  Like an M.Ed., this degree usually takes two to three years to earn.M.S.  or M.A.: Stands for Masters of Science and Masters of Arts, respectively. These are the traditional degrees given by colleges of arts and sciences in the United States. Generally, a masters degree is not sufficient to be licensed as a psychologist, although some states and Canadian provinces do allow it.Ed.S.: Stands for Educational Specialist. This degree is actually intermediate between a Masters and a Doctorate. Some school psychologists and counselors h ave this degree. After earning a masters degree, students may opt to earn an Ed.S. as a way to advance their degree and skills. This degree often takes about two years to complete.M.Div.: Stands for Masters in  Divinity. Ministers who are pastoral counselors may have this degree. This degree (or its equivalent) is required for those interested in earning a D.Min. degree. Jobs for a Masters Degree in Psychology Licenses Some states required counselors to be licensed, conferring the titles L.P.C. (Licensed Professional Counselor) or M.F.C.C. (Marriage, Family, and Child Counselor). In some states, the title L.C.S.W., for Licensed Clinical Social Worker, may be used for social workers. Special Certifications Certifications are similar to licenses, but with a more limited scope of practice. Some certifications you may see include: CSAC:  Stands for Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. This person usually has at least a bachelors degree and some additional training in substance abuse.CAC: Stands for Certified Alcoholism Counselor. Similar to a CSAC, but with an emphasis on alcohol abuse. Depending on your state, CAC may also stand for Certified Addictions Counselor. In this case, the person would be qualified to deal with both drug and alcohol abuse. Board Certifications Physicians like psychiatrists generally pass specialty boards to become board-certified in their chosen specialty. Those may include: A.B.P.P: This board certification is a credential available through the American Board of Professional Psychology. Any psychologist who passes their exam may use these initials. Many psychologists do not get this certification, however.F.A.C.P.: Fellow, American College of Physicians. A Word From Verywell Its important that you develop a trusting relationship with your psychotherapist. If you are not sure of your psychotherapists credentials, ask. Reviewing credentials is typically part of an initial interview. How to Find the Right Therapist

Executive Summary Social Networking - 1483 Words

Executive Summary To: Anne Teehan From: Leigh Clayton Date: November 4, 2008 Subject: The Benefits of Social Networking Introduction We are at a time when customer satisfaction is at an all time low, yet it is becoming a more and more difficult to talk to a human for customer service. Many businesses have lost the personal and trust-filled relationship that is so desired by their clients. In order to maintain and grow a loyal customer base, a company can now achieve those real human connections by means of social networking. Individuals from all areas of the company are readily available to meet the diverse needs of its customers, future employees and each other. Social Networking is at the top of today’s technology and is being†¦show more content†¦They need to develop strategic networking skills and practices to excel. It is the most important tool for intelligence gathering. In a business setting, such as conferences, meetings, and outings, people need to find the latest information on resources, trends and best practices. It is a critical strategy for business development. Employees can create a network of profiles and connect with one another. Enabling connections among employees, the company could easily establish virtual teams, bring new employees up to speed, improve collaboration and increase retention among people who hadn’t felt a strong sense of belonging.[iv] Social Networking is a method for personal retention because it creates feelings of inclusion and helps people from diverse backgrounds feel listened to and valued. Building up a network of diverse people is very helpful for any business. Contacts with different clusters or groups would help your possibility of greater opportunities. A closed group of contacts will not allow you this kind of exposure. Networking can help you with your contact list. This would then help you to expand your sales and social base. [v] It remains the primary technique that people use to find jobs, change careers or land on their feet after a layoff, merger, or reorganization.[vi] Through the company’s social network youShow MoreRelatedUsing Social Media Sites For Hiring Decisions Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesFormal Report To: Ellie Fijn From: Luke Rowe Date: 25/10/2014 Subject: Using social media sites to assist hiring decisions 1. Executive Summary: 2. Terms Of Reference: This report was requested by Ellie Fijn on the 13th Of October 2014. This report is give the reader more depth and a larger insight on the ever growing topic of the fairness of employers using information found on social media sites to assist hiring decisions. This report will be formed in a concise procedure. 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Fahrenheit 451 - 1583 Words

FAHRENHEIT 451 This is the most interesting time we live in, filled with new technology and designs to help make our lives better. As wondrous and beautiful as it appears to be, there lies a certain amount of danger that can be nearly as seductive as it is deadly. The beauty often lies behind commercialism, materialism and capitalism. This seductiveness creeps in and brings anguish and chaos in our society, a place where popular culture flourishes. It is far easier to live a life of seclusion and illusion, a life where television is one’s reality. This is how life is represented in Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, in which a society has changed into a pleasurable fantasy world by thinking censoring books is superior.†¦show more content†¦Instead, it manipulates viewers that this ‘real world’ is fabricated with ‘near perfect’ flawless people, having MTV pay for all expenses to fall back on and go partying every night. The public fin ds it hard to believe that it can be make-believe because television gives the desires that we want to watch. Television recreates an illusional world can coincides with Bradbury’s story. Instead of accepting our real identities, we rather see dreams and desires that can be â€Å"what if they can come true.† Wishing for a ideal lifestyle shows how one can be captured into the fake media. Montag’s wife, Mildred, is an example of fleeing away the real world by being subdued to television. She has a television system that covers three of the walls and is upset that they cannot afford to buy the screen to cover the fourth wall. This sophisticated TV has a control unit that allows the viewer to interact with the characters on the program and an option to insert a name into specific placers, a feature that Mildred is ecstatic about. This creates the image that the characters are actually conversing with the viewers. 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We are told that these achievements can be done by adapting to America’s ideals and cultural norms. The ‘American Dream’ is attainable for those who fall in step with the majority. This conformity is illustrated in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. In the novel, Guy Montag becomes disillusioned with the illiterate ignorance of his society. Through a series of tragic events, Montag finds the vapid world must be changed. This change will be the only way to attain true knowledge, thus freedomRead MoreFahrenheit 4511858 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Jhoan Aguilar Mrs. Armistead English III H (4) October 24, 2013 The Exhort of Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury created the novel Fahrenheit 451 as a way to admonish future generations against social and economic trends that would emerge during the twentieth century. I. Introduction II. Reasons behind novel A. World events B. Personal events III. Economic trends of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries A. The economics of consumerism B. Economic effects on society IV. Social trendsRead More1984 And Fahrenheit 4511505 Words   |  7 PagesOrwell, and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are addressed in various ways. Both texts are of dystopian fiction, set in post-nuclear war nations, although they are somewhat of a different nature. The concepts of totalitarianism and censorship are explored throughout the texts by addressing the issue of ‘knowledge is power’, the use and abuse of technology and the desensitising of society. Although these are mentioned in both 1984 and Fahrenheit 451, they areRead MoreEssay On Fahrenheit 451833 Words   |  4 PagesWhy shouldn’t Fahrenheit 451 be banned? Ban books or burn them? Ray Bradbury wrote his famous novel Fahrenheit 451 in 1953 fantasizing about a world in which books were banned, and when a book was found it was burnt and destroyed. Little did he know that his thought of books being banned could actually happen and that it would be one of his own. Today Fahrenheit 451 is being banned and challenged in schools all across America. How ironic that a book about books being banned is now being banned aroundRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Symbolism1432 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and thinkRead More`` Fahrenheit 451 And The Sniper ``1643 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities. It can be difficult to determine what elements make up a hero. However, by examining heroes in different stories, the elements of what makes a hero can become clearer. Classic heroes in The Odyssey can be examined, along with the heroes in Fahrenheit 451 and The Sniper. By taking apart the characteristics and traits of these heroes, a deeper understanding of a hero can be found. Rather than by a character s physical abilities, a hero c an be defined by their displays of courage, determinationRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesAs renowned author Ernest Hemingway said, â€Å"There is no friend as loyal as a book†. This can be true at times, but in Ray Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451, many people in the novel’s dystopian society think otherwise. In this essay I’ll be discussing the 5 books I’d save from the firemen if I was Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451, and which of the 5 I’d choose to remember and â€Å"become†. The books I’d save would be Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief, Jandy Nelson’s I’ll Give

Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels Free Essays

1.0 Introduction The demand for crude steel has increased worldwide according to World Steel Association the steel production in 2010 was 1414 million tones. This shows an increase 15% when compared to the total in 2009 where production was 1229 tonnes. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is interesting is that China accounted for 44% of this total, if China was excluded the annual total increased by 20% when we compare this to 2009. The steel production in December for 66 countries increased by 7.8% to 116 million tonnes [1]. To meet these production demands, casting is engaged as the chosen fabrication process as it is more economically viable for high production rates than forming operations. In particular, the technique of continuous casting is favored as a primary hot-rolling operation that produces slabs or thin sheets of steel. These are a convenient entity that can then undergo secondary metal-forming operations. The conventional way to improve the strength and impact behavior of steel is to add small amounts of micro-alloying elements such as Al or in our case B to benefit grain.Micro-alloying additions enable tensile strengths of over 500 MPa to be achieved [2] as the micro-alloys formed fine precipitates that would attach the austenite grain boundaries from moving as well as to provide strengthening via precipitation hardening. It is important to note that these beneficial mechanical properties engineered into steels are only applicable to the finished product, where the steel is employed at room temperature as automobiles. This point is applicable before the finished steel is even utilized, as at the high temperatures of the continuous casting operation, the steel has undesirable properties. Over the past forty years, the difficulty in casting some steels has led to great efforts in understanding the science behind the cracking processes. The continuous casting process can to some degree be simulated using a simple laboratory hot tensile test. Investigating the hot ductility of the steel under these laboratory conditions does give great insight into the viability of producing continuous cast steel free from transverse cracking. It has been quantified that after straining a steel sample to failure, a ductility displayed as a reduction of area (R of A) value of greater than 40 % will allow for successful casting in industry [3]. These findings are further enforced with visual probing techniques such as microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These allow insights into the influence of grain size, precipitation hardening, cooling rates, strain rate and composition on crack propagation which are all important in explaini ng failure modes and preventing failure. New steel types need to be tested under laboratory conditions before steel companies have the confidence for mass production in industry. 2.0 Literature Review 3.0 Aim Method of Contribution The major problem with TWIP steels is the difficult in casting it; this is because during the continuous casting operation, the cast has to be straightened as it is being cast in a curved mould. The straightening process puts the surface and the edges of the slabs into tension and this causes cracks and this can be propagated easily into fragile steel grades this is what TWIP falls into. The aim of the project is to do a hot ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700Â °C as used in the commercial casting operation. Following this the specimen is strained to failure by using the strain rate used in the unbending operation as this is a good indicator of a steels likely hood to crack. There have been indications that that by adding a small amount of boron in our case (0.001%) that this will improve the hot ductility of the new TWIP steels and this would make them easier to cast [3] As mentioned the experiment involves the ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700Â °C from this we will get a hot ductility curve. Following this I will perform microscopically and scanning electron microscope examination of the fractured surfaces to find out the mechanism of this improvement. I have 12 specimens which have been provided by POSCO. The machine used for the tensile test is the Hounsfield Tensometer which is situated at City University. 3.1 Gannt Chart Project 4.0 References [1] – ISSB: World Steel Review (Iron Steel Bureau, February 2011) [2] – Abu Shousha, R., I: Hot Ductility of Steels (PhD thesis, City University) [3] – Discussions with Prof B.Mintz How to cite Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels, Essay examples

Studies in Emotional Intelligence Essay Example For Students

Studies in Emotional Intelligence Essay There is a growing interest in the concept of emotional intelligence, and with that growth is a gap between what we know and what we need to know. In the article, Emotional Intelligence: Issues and Common Misunderstandings, Robert J. Emmerling and Daniel Goleman inquire as to what emotional intelligence is, how it differs from other established constructs within psychology, whether or not it can be developed, whether or not it can be a better predictor of work performance than traditional measures of intelligence, whether or not it should be measured at all, and how it relates to ethics. Emotional intelligence has a potential utility in predicting a range of criterion across different populations, but its predictive validity depends on the context, criterion of interest, and specific theory used. Traditional intelligence measures have been unable to account for a significant portion of variance in career success and work performance. IQ was originally thought to account for twenty-fi ve percent of how well people perform in their careers, while it was later discovered that IQ actually accounted for between four and ten percent. A more recent study found that IQ is a better predictor of work and academic performance than EI, but when it comes to becoming an extraordinary performer, IQ may be a less powerful predictor than EI. The failure of IQ to account for the variance between performance and success is especially evident among managers and senior leaders. IQ alone is unable to predict this as well as competencies that integrate emotional, social and cognitive abilities. Emotions and cognition are interwoven in the aspects of emotional intelligence, especially in interpersonal functioning, empathy, motivation, affective self-regulation, self-awareness, and complex decision-making. The range restriction on the variable of IQ among managers and senior executives may be the cause of IQs inability to predict the variance in performance among managers. Leaders must process a great deal of complex information on a daily basis, and that requires a high level of cognitive ability. IQ simply provides a basis on which to recognize a minimal capability that all who are within a certain job pool should have to keep their job. IQ should remain a predictor of the vocations that are available to an individual of a certain intelligence, but once in that vocation, the predictive validity of IQ should diminish. We will write a custom essay on Studies in Emotional Intelligence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It has been said that having a high level of emotional intelligence might compensate for having a low IQ. This would allow those with a low IQ, but a high level of emotional intelligence to thrive with only average intelligence. This gives individuals the idea that IQ matters very little. Emotional intelligence has begun to challenge the assumptions about what leads to success, and to bring a balanced view to the role of emotion and cognition in determining life outcomes. In order to validate claims of the importance that emotional intelligence and traditional intelligence possess in the prediction of certain criterion, more research is needed. Within the emotional intelligence paradigm there exists several theories that attempt to better understand and explain the abilities, skills, and traits associated with emotional and social intelligence. Researchers have been able to demonstrate the discriminant validity of trait-based approaches to emotional intelligence. Recent research shows that emotional intelligence is a unique construct that accounts for unique variance when IQ and personality are controlled. Emotional intelligence has not been around for very long, and evidence continues to develop that shows how EI represents many traits and abilities that are not fully accounted for by traditional measures of personality and cognitive intelligence. The traditional intelligence field has not been threatened or discredited for having several theories. Our knowledge and practical applications of intelligence assessment to a wide variety of issues has been increased by our thorough research on traditional intelligence. All of t he theories within the emotional intelligence paradigm strive to find a concept of how individuals manage, utilize, understand and perceive emotions to predict and maintain effectiveness. The first major theory in the emotional intelligence paradigm was that of Bar-On and it was developed in 1988. In his theory he coined the term emotional quotient (EQ). His model is defined by a selection of abilities and traits related to social and emotional knowledge that influence our ability to cope with environmental demands. It can be viewed as a model of psychological adaptation and well-being. The Bar-On model includes the abilities to be aware of, understand, and express oneself, to be aware of, understand and relate to others, to deal with strong emotions and control ones impulses, and to adapt to change and solve problems of a social or personal nature. It deals with general mood, stress management, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and intrapersonal skills. EQ provides a reliable and valid estimate of an individuals ability to cope with everyday demands and pressures. In 1997, Mayer and Salovey developed a theory of emotional intelligence and instruments to measure it because traditional measures of intelligence failed to measure differences in the ability to perceive, process, and manage emotions. Their theory is defined by the ability to regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth, understand emotions and emotional knowledge, access and generate emotions to assist thought, and to perceive emotions. They say that EI is basically a group of mental abilities, and is best measured using a testing situation that is performance based. In 1999, Mayer, Salovey and Caruso decided that certain criteria must be met in order for information to be considered intelligence. Instead of reflecting behavior patterns, self-esteem, and traits, intelligence should reflect actual mental performance. Intelligence should also describe a set of abilities that are d istinct from established intelligences. Intelligence should also develop with age. In 2001, Goleman developed a theory in which EI reflects how an individuals potential for mastering relationship management, social awareness, self-management, and self-awareness translates into success in the workplace. Each of those four domains becomes a foundation for learned abilities that depend on the underlying strength in that domain.The competency level for this concept is based on an analysis of capabilitiesthat have been identified through research on work performance. Basically, EI may predict the ease by which an individual will be able to master the skills and abilities of an emotional competence. It is apparent that the majority of competencies that distinguish average performers from extraordinary performers can be classified as social and emotional competencies. Conceptual thinking is still a sign of superior performance, but recent research shows that emotional competencies are more important for those individuals. Emmerling and Goleman believe that a model for emotional intelligence focused on the workplace provides organizations and individuals with feedback on the majority of the competencies that account for superior performance. Many people believe that, unlike IQ, emotional intelligence can be developed. Emmerling and Goleman acknowledge the fact that genetics plays a role in the development of EI, but geneticists concur that gene expression itself appears to be shaped by the social and emotional experiences of an individual. Emotional intelligence competencies come from a wide range of sources. They can be improved upon, and the improvements are sustainable over time. Neuroscience contributes that although there are stable differences in activation patterns in the central circuitry of emotion, there is also pronounced plasticity. Animal research shows that the hippocampus, amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex, which are all involved in perception, are si tes where plasticity occurs. Such plasticity can occur in humans as well. Emotional intelligence would not be worth measuring even if you were able to measure it. Without a theory of emotional competence, and a method to assess it, individuals may only receive feedback related to technical competence, people skills, or leadership style. For an individual to improve on any ability, he or she would need realistic feedback concerning their baseline abilities and progress. Providing valid and reliable feedback on specific emotional and social competence helps to provide individuals with insight into their strengths and areas for development. Providing a more balanced view and a supportive environment can help to overcome feelings of defensiveness that often undermine the development of emotional and social competencies. Emmerling and Goleman inquire as to whether or not EI is morally neutral of or if it interacts with an ethical dimension. In psychology, morality and ethics are treated individually in a dimensin beyond the issues at hand. Certain aspects of EI certainly tend to promote prosocial behavior. Self awareness must be deployed to act in accord with ones own sense of meaning, purpose, and ethics. Empathy appears to be an essential step in fostering compassion and altruism. These two individuals stress that the progress of emotional intelligence is impressive, but there is still a lot to be discovered.

Economics essays

Economics essays In the beginning there was barter, (1) ...people learning to trade the things they had for the things they wanted. What sparked this form of trading was the fact that our earliest ancestors were self-sufficient. Occasionally there were surpluses of one commodity or another, this is how barter flourished, and the most famous example of barter was in 1626 when Peter Minuit traded twenty-four dollars for the island of Manhattan, which in 1998 was assessed at $23.4 billion. As trade became the norm, money came into use. When buyer and sellers agreed on what was acceptable payment, they then could establish a system that assigned different values to coins or other durable and easily transportable items. As early as 2500 B.C. various precious metals such as gold, sliver, and copper were used to pay for goods and services in Egypt and Asia Minor. Now days, a money cycle has been created in America to take old money out of circulation and replaced on a regular basis. The money cycle is run this way: first the Treasury ships new money to the Federal Reserve Banks, then the Federal Reserve Banks and branches distribute the new money to individual banks in their region, once it arrives there the individual banks distributes the money to their customers, including businesses and individuals. The reverse cycle is as follows: the money circulates through the economy, the money is then deposited into banks after it changes hands many times in many countries, from there the banks separate the worn bills and coins and ship them back to their individual Fed branch or bank, then the Fed banks return the old money to the Treasury to be shredded and burned into mulch. The next topic to be discussed was the Federal Reserve System. Described as, (2)...the guardian of the nations money- banker, regulator, controller, and watchdog all rolled into one. As a regulator the Fed authorizes the buying and sell...

Meddling with Mettle

Meddling with Mettle Meddling with Mettle Meddling with Mettle By Maeve Maddox Another of Daniel’s great words of the day, mettle, provoked readers’ comments that have in turn prompted me to get into the act. Reader’s Comment 1 Mettle can also mean the â€Å"stuff of which a person is made.† So if I say I’m made of mettle, people won’t think I’m a robot (or, more likely, delusional)? I know that Peter was joking, but I just wanted to point out that although the word means â€Å"the stuff of which a person is made,† to say â€Å"I’m made of mettle† wouldn’t make sense. Most commonly the word mettle is used with a verb like show, test, or prove: Miami proves its mettle in win over Oklahoma Bilo rugby boys show their mettle NCC cadets test their mettle Other idioms with mettle: to be on your mettle:  to be determined to prove that you are good at something, especially in a difficult situation Nancy coach Paul Fischer knows his team must be on their mettle as they seek Study puts stents on their mettle. (in this case an inanimate object is being put on its mettle. Probably not an apt use of the expression.) Here’s a headline that plays on the same pronunciation (and same original meaning) of mettle and metal: Scrap thefts: Cops on their mettle The adjective mettlesome means â€Å"lively, high-spirited, courageous.† . . . M. Epailza, one of our most mettlesome adversaries The word seems to have some specialized meaning for gamers: Copy this simulator to the mettlesome directory†¨Run the Trainer. Start the mettlesome with this trainer.†¨ I certainly can’t figure out what â€Å"mettlesome† is supposed to mean in this paragraph on a gaming site: Buy wow characters, you are ensuring you can freely mettlesome without the hornlike slog. Theres no requirement to intend on the mettlesome an distance early than customary so you can conjoin for eve accounts you can go on at your connatural instance and savor the mettlesome to its flooded possible ness the aforementioned way thousands of others do. INWOWGOLD.COM Reader’s Comment 2 How about one who mettles in someone else’s business to the detriment of the relationship or the business? One meddles in someone else’s business. The usual sense of meddle these days is â€Å"to interfere,† as in these headlines: Building chief tells politicians not to meddle in Olympics Avoid the Temptation to Meddle in Haiti How insurers meddle in your medical care The word meddle comes from French and Latin words meaning â€Å"to mix.† The meaning â€Å"to concern oneself,† usually in a negative sense, dates from 1415. From 1340-1700 it was used as a euphemism for â€Å"to have sexual intercourse.† Shakespeare draws on this meaning in this exchange: Third Servingman: How, sir! do you meddle with my master? Coriolanus: Ay; ‘tis an honester service than to meddle with thy mistress. Coriolanus: IV, 5 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" The Possessive ApostropheApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Drama essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Drama - Essay Example Many women were still constrained in their activities by the wishes of their male relatives, whether the dominant voice belonged to the father, the oldest brother or other guardian figure or the husband. These are the issues explored in Henrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll’s House† through the character of Nora and in Susan Glaspell’s short story â€Å"Trifles.† Comparing these two characters provides insight into the various constraints women had to deal with in their physical setting, their relationships and in their position in society. In both stories, the primary action takes place within the homes of the two female characters involved and each has much to say about the women who are trapped there. Nora’s house is presented in direct reflection of the play’s title. It is a doll’s house, perfectly decorated and arranged for the display of a happy family atmosphere without going to extremes of expense. This can be discerned from Nora’s careful selection of gifts for the upcoming holiday. She tells Torvold, â€Å"they [the gifts] are very plain, but anyway she [Emmy, their little girl] will soon break them in pieces† (Act 1). Gifts for the rest of the household include a new suit for Ivar and dress lengths for the maids, all highly practical and economical. Minnie’s house, in contrast, is introduced as two women and three men, none of them residents, enter into a gloomy farm kitchen. The house is set away from the road and far from the closest neighbor. This does not necessa rily mean the house was a trap for the woman who lived in it, but Mrs. Hale tells Mrs. Peters that she stayed away because the house was gloomy and lonesome. As she mentions this, she reflects that it must have been that much harder for the woman who had to live there. This is made clear in the half-cleaned table, the bread sitting next to rather than inside

Tradition and Dissent in English Christianity Essay

Tradition and Dissent in English Christianity - Essay Example Catholicism was the doctrine that God exists in three forms: the Father who created the world, the Son – Jesus Christ who saved it – and the Holy Spirit, who continued after the crucifixion to keep alive the belief that Christ died for us. The transmission and upholding of these beliefs were the prerogative of the clergy, and they were made accessible – if not understandable – by the creation of a familiar series of traditions enshrined in ritual: the sacraments, processions a fixed order of service based on a yearly cycle encompassing a succession of holy days, the belief that religion was central to the local community and, above all, a profusion of recognisable and reassuring objects: images of the Holy Family, the Saints, the altar, the rood and many others which were affectionately recalled by Roger Martyn and described by Dymond & Paine (1992). After the break with Rome events moved fast. In Henry’s time – despite the dissolution of the monasteries - there were few changes in church rituals which largely retained their traditional form. After his death in 1547 Protestantism was introduced, largely reinforced by the production by Archbishop Cranmer of a new â€Å"Protestant† order of service and the determination to remove Catholic rituals. When the young king Edward VI died in 1553 he was succeeded by his half-sister Mary who immediately moved to restore Roman Catholicism. This was vigorously resisted by those who had become convinced Protestants – including Cranmer who was burnt at the stake – who saw this move as dissent against the established religion. Others however with more old fashioned views welcomed the return of a traditional form of religion. However there were others who saw Roman Catholicism as fomenting dissent against Protestantism – being authoritarian, persecuting and antagonistic to England (Foxe 1563). Only five years later Elizabeth I became queen. Although a dedicated Protestant she was also an accomplished

Role of Study Center in Higher Education

Role of Study Center in Higher Education THE ROLE OF STUDY CENTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN INCREASING LINKAGES AMONG INDUSTRY UNIVERSITY GOVERNMENT (TRIPLE HELIX MODEL) Alimatus Sahrah Faculty of Psychology, University of Mercu Buana Yogyakarta Abstract Triple helix model which requires the existence of linkages Industry University Government is believed to accelerate the achievement of the Indonesian Developmental Vision of 2020. Case study of the existence of Study Center in Higher Education, conducted using SWOT analysis method, proven able to improve the linkages among Industry University Government. Triple helix model facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration among the three parties involved. It is hoped that a more open relationship and mutual benefit will be conducted between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government. Key word: Triple Helix Model, Linkages among Industry University Government, Study Center in Higher Education, SWOT analysis INTRODUCTION According to Legislative Act Num. VII/MPR/2001 on November 9, 2001 on Future Vision of Indonesia, Indonesian Vision of 2020 is to make Indonesia as a religious society, humane, united, democratic, just, prosperous, advanced, independent, and good and clean in the nation administration. It is also important to note that the achievement of Vision 2020 took place in an era of global free trade, in which Indonesia is also a member of ASEAN, should succeed the ASEAN Vision 2020, and also because it is also a member of APEC, it must also succeed Digital Economy of APEC. Thus the nature of life in the era of globalization characterized by liberalization of trade and investment could no longer inevitable. Even developed countries already preparing themselves to face the situation by futurologist Keniche Ohmae (Lukita. ) called the borderless world situation. This trend makes the trade growing so rapidly, that no longer able to predict the direction of its development. The development of thes e global world enormous changes forces every country, including Indonesia, to encourage the acceleration of technology and knowledge as a basis of its competitive excellence. One of the significant changes in the world today is an international economic development that leads to a Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE). In this KBE, knowledge and innovation are considered more influence economic activity, which will ultimately determine the economic welfare of the people of a country. Rapid technological development affects competition and rapid changes in business environment. The factor of such technological development is a determining factor of a company success, because it will be directly related to the companys management effectiveness in producing the knowledge to create new technologies. This condition occurs in both the industry and national economy (governance) level, that the industry or economic performance depends on the ability to process knowledge in creating innovation. In order to anticipate the changes above, then the Higher Education needs to change the educational paradigm from the old industrial education pattern to a new industrial entrepreneurial education, to encourage the creation of knowledge based economy. In this case, knowledge is power is useful to improve competitiveness of the nation. Therefore, the Higher Education as knowledge-producing institution needs to improve management of its organization in order to accelerate the achievement of the nations vision. The Role of Higher Education as a motivating factor of   knowledge production is first mentioned in the form of Mode 1, which is a modality of knowledge production in which knowledge is produced in the context of a particular discipline, now shifts to the modalities of Mode 2 knowledge production, in which knowledge can be produced more spread, not only centered on the university, thus enabling the cooperation between the industry university government that has the same interest in problem solving (Gibbons in Hidayat, 2001). The issue of linkage between industry and university R D institution is a central issue in the discourse of science and technology policy. In the discourse of science and technology policy in Indonesia is often discussed the importance of the concept of Triple Helix model and the concept of ABG (Academician, Business, and Government) in the development of science and technology (KRT, 2001). ABG concept refers to a condition in which the R D in universities and government, and industry in a strong bond, which allows for cooperation and synergy among them in the development and utilization of science and technology. Therefore, programs that allow for the linkages among the three pillars become indispensable. Referring to the three pillars of linkages with the Triple Helix model, the Ministry of Research and Technology with a program of RUK (Riset Unggulan Kemitraan/Competitive Research Partnership) provide incentives to programs that conduct research cooperation among university R D institutions, industry and government. This is also supported by the development of the developed countries that encourage such cooperation, so that can make a tremendous acceleration in the development of their knowledge and technology. A Study Center in Higher Education was formed to be a forum of interdisciplinary study in a particular field. Study Center was founded with the intention that the University can increase productivity and innovation of products or services are produced to the public. Thus, the existence of Study Center in Higher Education should be able to help the College or University in their task of Tri Dharma. In general, according to Pedju (2009) universities should be able to go forward and be able to create strategies to develop the nation (university led development strategy), because almost all the aggregates in the modern university is able to support it, especially with government policy that has facilitated the education budget of 20% as now it is. Only Pedju (2009) still questioned the existence of the modern mindset of existing human resources to be able to represent the vision and mission of the university towards a knowledge-based society. Referring to the description above, this study aimed to review whether the presence of Study Center in Higher Education can play a role in strengthening links among universities industry government (triple helix model) in order to prosper the nation. In this case the Study Center should be interpreted as the spearhead of Higher Education to produce knowledge that creates innovation in the achievement of the vision the nation itself. TRIPLE HELIX MODEL: Universities, Industry and Government Triple helix is a term used to name a concept of university-industry-government partnership that synergize in developing the capacity and functioning of S T (Science Technology) for the nation development processes (Sasmojo, 2011). Etzkowitz, (2008) defined Triple helix as the three different spheres of business, higher education and public institutions working together on new tasks and in new fields. These three spheres together, and not only by themselves, make it possible to obtain an enhanced outcome from the cooperation and invested capital, in the form of innovative new products and solutions. A triple helix regime typically begins as university, industry and government enter into a reciprocal relationship in which each attempts to enhance the performance of the other. Each institutional sphere is thus more likely to become a creative source of innovation and to support the emergence of creativity that arises in other spirals. Through this model, Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000) and Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz (1998) tried to analyze new form of institutional forces in innovation system (Fig. 1). Interactions among actors in innovation systems are Further explained in more detail by the Triple Helix Model. The triple helix is a spiral model of innovation that captures multiple reciprocal relationships at different points in the process of knowledge capitalization (Etzkowitz, 2002). The first dimension of the triple helix model is an internal transformation in each of the helices, Such as the development of lateral ties among companies through strategic alliances or an assumption of an economic development mission by universities. The second is the influence of one helix upon another. The third dimension is the creation of a new overlay of trilateral networks and Organizations from the Interaction Among the three helices, formed for the purpose of coming up with new ideas and formats for high-tech development. The triple helix denotes the university-industry-government relationship as one of relatively equal, yet interdependent, institutional spheres overlap and take the role of the other. Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff (2000) wrote on three Kinds of triple helix model: Triple helix model where there is great role of a country in directing university and industry and the relationship the between them. A strong version of role can be founded in the countries left by Soviet and East Europe, while softer version can be founded in Latin America and some European countries like Norwegian. This kind of Triple Helix model can be shown in Fig. 2. This first triple helix model is described as a model fail by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff. With low bottom up initiative, innovation is lacking of appropriate stimulus. The second triple helix model consists of separate institution with rigid boundary circle dividing three of the actors and describe separate relation one to another. This model occur as a respond to the first model of the which bring the policy of laissez-faire (free competition) lowering the role of the country as shown in Fig.3. The last model indicates the presence of knowledge infrastructure in the form of piece of institutional roles sharing the circle each other in form of hybrid organization shown in the three interfaces of the circle. This model is developed country mostly implemented in the more directed to the forming of relations. This model is shown in Fig.4. KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional) (2011) berpendapat bahwa tiga pilar penopang sistem inovasi menurut konsep model triple helix, yakni (1) Perusahaan, yang dalam hal ini dapat melakukan pembelajaran teknologi secara interaktif, aliansi teknologi dan pengetahuan, kemitraan litbang, dan pengembangan human capital dalam melakukan penelitian dan pengembangan.   (2) Institusi pendidikan, yang dalam hal ini dapat melakukan pendidikan dasar dan lanjutan, pelatihan vokasional, perlindungan HKI, kemitraan litbang, pengkajian, perluasan informasi teknologi; (3) Pemerintah, yang berperan dalam pembuat regulasi dan insentif. Misalnya regulasi pajak, persaingan sehat, alih teknologi, standard pengelolaan dls. Konsep ini seperti dijelaskan Pedju, 2009 pada Gambar 5. KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional/Committee of the National Innovation) (2011) argues that the three pillars supporting the innovation system according to the concept of the triple helix model, namely (1) The company, which in this case can do an interactive learning technology, alliances   technology and knowledge, R D partnerships, and human capital development in research and development. (2) Educational institutions, which in this case can do the primary and secondary education, vocational training, protection of IPR, R D partnerships, review, expansion of information technology, (3) The Government, which plays a role in regulatory and incentive. E.g tax regulation, fair competition, technology transfer, standard management, etc. This concept is as described Pedju, 2009 in Figure 5. STUDY CENTER IN HIGHER EDUCATION SWOT ANALYSIS This research takes a case study of 10 profiles of various University Study Center in Indonesia. From the profile of the study centers can be described that: The background of the formation of Study Centre: To search for potential or rare resources, through a particular approach (typical), in order to obtain the maximum benefit to the public long term welfare and to enhance the competitiveness of nations in this competitive era, so that it is necessary to have a place to examine certain forms of management that can increase economic productivity by leveraging existing resources. Vision of the Study Center: To realize a study center that became the motivator and the driver for socialization and development of innovation and improves productivity with a particular approach, in order to realize a productive, prosperous and globally competitive industrial community. Mission of the Study Center: (a) Increasing awareness of industry and society to Product Development and Innovation, (2) Provide assistance to the industry in improving the Product Development and Innovation. (C) Encourage the creation of the community who appreciate the Product Development and Innovation. Goals and Objectives Formation of Study Center: (a) Develop subjects related to the formation of Study Center to help the process of learning and teaching in the faculties concerned; (b) Develop Study Centre management in the broadest sense in an interdisciplinary manner to obtain an increase in productivity with quality expected, (c) Develop an interdisciplinary collaboration between experts of study centers and the experts from other fields in various faculties to increase the active role of the University in national development, (d) Implement the cooperation with various agencies / institutions both at home and abroad government, private, state, and international institutions; (e) Develop information systems of study center for anyone working on either expert users, students, private, and community, (f) Scientific Society: Being a center of study and research in the field of Study Center. Product Development and Innovation, through various activities including discussions, genera l lectures, seminars, workshops, training, and cooperative research; (g) Industrial Society: Being an institution that can help the Society for Industrial Product Development and Innovation. Work Program Service provided by Study Center: Education: (i) Help develop subjects related to the field of Study Center in various faculties, (ii) Holding seminars, symposia, workshops, and other scientific meetings as a vehicle for community and science development, (iii) Publishes journals and another appropriate communications media; Research: (i) To submit a research proposal to the parties involved, (ii) Conduct a study to obtain the form of resource management in different scientific areas, (iii) Develop appropriate technological review in the field of study center management, (iv) Establish cooperation research with research institutions related Community Service: (i) Cooperating with the central government, local governments, state enterprises, public enterprises, private enterprises, and others to seek solutions to problems encountered in this field, (ii) Providing training services to the executor in the field, (iii) Building a network that cares about the field of Study Centre. Organization and Human Resource of Studies Center:   Study Centre is directly under the Rector not under the management of a particular faculty anymore, but the human resources are still borrowing from existing personnel in the various faculties at a university. From the SWOT analysis conducted on Study Center at the University in its efforts to strengthen the relationship university industry and government, it can be concluded that: Strength of the existence of Study Center in Higher Education are: (1) Allows for a review of an area in an integrated and interdisciplinary problems, (2) Being a vehicle for the gathering of experts to discuss an integrated knowledge to form a specific scientific community, (3) Facilitate relationships with the world outside the university, so it does not require a long bureaucratic, (4) the accumulation of matter, materials, or references associated with a particular problem areas, Weaknesses of Study Center in Higher Education: (1) Unavailability of human resources remain to be still in the organizations of Study Center. The existing personnel are those who are usually have a baseline on a particular course. So the presence in the Study Centre is just a side job, (2) Unavailability of an adequate budget for the Study Center in conducting its activities, so it will be a burden for Study Center because they must absorb funds outside the university to finance their activities, (3) The absence of workload analysis of the lecturer who are not only burdened with duties as a lecturer as the main task but also do research to fulfill the demand of the society; (4) The topics of research conducted by the study centers were more likely to an order from society, so the possibility of innovative research ideas become stunted existence. This right includes freedom to be creative from the lecturers to be somewhat less obstructed, (5) the highly dependency in the case of fund ing to the government through a grant from DIKTI or Research and technology Ministry. Opportunities that can be achieved with the existence of Study Center in Higher Education: (1) Availability of funds that exist in every state as a form of corporate social responsibility towards the community, (2) The existence of new opportunities for universities to move to a more central position in society. For instance research as a source of new knowledge for the knowledge economy. In the era of globalization, economic competitiveness increasingly depends on innovation. Innovation in turn is often interesting both on scientific and technological knowledge. University, as the main source of new scientific knowledge, hence has a chance to play a more central role in contributing to innovation, competitiveness and economic development, (3) allow the external demand for Higher Education and continuous learning skills. In order that a company can produce a competitive product, it must continuously keep innovating so their product can be accepted by society, so Higher Education thro ugh their Study Center should be ready to increase the knowledge and skills continuously to create higher added value products that produced, (4) The existence of new information and communication technologies that could revolutionize the ways of lecturer teaching and learning to be more sophisticated. Using sophisticated technology, Higher education can offer new ways that may be much more effective for lecturers in providing good teaching in the classroom. Sophisticated technology can also start changing the process of research and knowledge production in a number of ways. These include a dramatic increase in the modeling and simulation to complement traditional experimental approaches, as well as enhance the ability of researchers to collaborate in larger groups in distance in a more effective way. The threats of the existence of Center for Studies in Higher Education: (1) Increased pressure on universities to meet the needs of the community and in many cases more specific industry needs. Some see this as an important threat to the autonomy of universities and basic research and long-term survival of science (eg Ziman, 1991 1994), (2) The second threat seen from the effects of globalization itself that characterized by the development of new information and communication technologies growing rapidly, which makes the students demanded a possibility of continuous learning after they finish studying in Higher Education, or it can be said that the increase in expectations of students to not only learn in their Universities but also want to continue straight to work, career in industry-related scientific, (3) The possibility of weakening the relationship between research and teaching. As pressure builds on academics to teach more students, to teach more efficiently, and to provide the specific skills required by the economy and society, may having adverse consequences for research. Conversely, the pressure to conduct research (often associated with national priorities, whether economic or social) and to publish (both to improve the career prospects of individuals or research institute) can lead to less emphasis in teaching. DISCUSSION The result showed by the SWOT analysis conducted on the existence of Center for Studies in Higher Education in order to produce knowledge and innovation, there is a factor of considerable strength and opportunities, although it still must be also addressed the existence of barriers or weaknesses and threats that exist. This is very useful to be able to formulate what strategies should be used for the linkage of the three pillars of the triple helix model is becoming increasingly apparent. The Triple helix facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration between the three parties involved. With the triple helix, expected a more open relationship and mutual benefit can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government, so that the role of higher education is not hampered by structural constraints in the implementation of functions in addition to education and teaching as well research and commun ity service. In a changing environment, universities as the main source of new knowledge and skills are necessary for the creation of knowledge-based economy, because the university could almost be a machine of economy itself. In this scenario, the university rather than under threat, but will become more central. A Study Center for Studies in higher education actually has the higher ability to conduct research and development in the field of science and technology, because here are usually available sophisticated science and technology infrastructure and high-quality human resources are relatively sedentary and expert in their areas of knowledge. However, because the research requires funding not less, and always expect the government research grants are not possible, then they have to look for new breakthroughs happen (Pranyoto, 2008). Register and take care of Patent Rights from the results of research conducted can be an alternative answer. In addition to creating the phenomenon of triple hel ix in university, industry and government, can be pursued for example a company hires an academics to become a business people, or vice versa, or it may be possible that governance staff become an academics at the University. This can happen only if there is mutual openness and mutual collaborative cooperation between the three parties. The above description was consistent with the explanation Etzkowitz Leydesdorff (1995), regarding third-party linkages in the triple helix model of this. Explained that if for example there is an established industry based on the triple helix model would have to allow for the process to stimulate innovation in academician, business, and government (ABG) as the main actors in innovation systems. Therefore, synergized cooperation Among Those three actors is expected to occur, so in the long term, industry will have high competitiveness through its capability to innovate. Some Important features of this model mainly include: (1) ABG Transformation in relation to result in knowledge. Role of the parties INVOLVED is more on the integrated relationship than the transfer of knowledge through intermediaries, (2) Recursive interaction. Relationships Among the parties are more in form of continuous development process, (3) Vague roles and Limitation (fuzzy border) among actors. University, fo r example also takes its role in developing entrepreneurial, while private has its role in academic dimension, (4) Micro-level of analysis in an institutional context. This institution is not only related to organization but also relationships, interaction, and rules / policy, and other aspect like norm and tradition. Another perspective that tries to explain the changing role of universities as producers of knowledge is the conceptual framework presented Leydesdorrff and Etzkowitz (2001). According to this perspective the stronger linkages between universities, industry, and government can be modeled with a triple helix. In this model, university viewed as has taken a new role (in addition to the role of teaching and research), namely the role of contributor to economic development. According to Etzkowitz (2008), this new role, often referred to as entrepreneurial university, which is the second revolution in the development of the university (Mode 2). The first revolution occurred when the university which was originally only served as a place of teaching (Teaching University), then take the role of research (Research University), and subsequently the university began to take on missions contribute significantly to the economy in this era. CLOSING The existence of Study Center in Higher Education as a container of interdisciplinary study in a particular field, it actually has considerable potential to play a role in the development of science and technology. The existence of Study Center in Higher Education was proven in improving the linkage University Industry Government. Triple helix facilitates the creation of mutual collaboration between the three parties involved. It is hoped that a more open relationship and mutual benefit can be made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹between the academics and the government, academics and business, and business and the government, so that the role of higher education is not hampered by structural constraints in carrying out the functions of research and community service in addition to the function of education and teaching . Universities are expected to take his new role as entrepreneurial university, which is the second revolution in the development of the university (Mode 2). Bibliography Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1998), The Endless Transition: A Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations, Minerva 36, 203-08. Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. 2000. The dynamic of innovation: from National System and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations.   Research Policy 29. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple HelixUniversity-Industry- Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development. EASST Review 14, 14-19. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and Mode-2 to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. Etzkowitz, H., 2002. Networks of innovation: science, technology and development in the triple helix era. International Journal of Technology Management Sustainable Development 1, 7-20. Etzkowitz, H., Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and Mode 2 to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations, Research Policy: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 109-123. Ezkowitz, H. (2008) The Triple Helix: Universtiy, industry and Government, Routledge, London. Gibbons, M. (2000) Universities and the New Production of Knoeledge: some policy implications for Government. The material appeared in Summers Institute. Dalam Hidayat, D. (2001) Keterkaitan antara Perguruan Tinggi dan Industri: Analisis Historis di Negara Maju dan Pelajarannya bagi Negara Berkembang. Laporan Penelitian Kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan IPTEK dan LIPI. Ketetapan MPR Ketetapan MPR No. VII/MPR/2001 tanggal 9 November 2001 tentang Visi Indonesia Masa depan KIN (Komite Inovasi Nasional) (2011) Menuju Negara Maju Berbasis Ekonomi. Laporan Komite Inovasi Nasional pada Forum Guru Besar ITB. KRT (Kementrian Ristek) (2001) Indikator dan Analisis Sistem Inovasi Nasional (2001), Laporan Teknis, Proyek kerjasama PAPPIPTEK-LIPI dengan Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi. Leydesdorff, L. Etzkowitz, H.   (2001). The Transformation of University-industri-government Relations. Electronic Journal of Sociologi: 5, 4 [http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?1.5.4.1] Pedju, A. M. (2009) Penerapan Konsep Triple Helix dam Strategi Pembangunan yang dipandu Universitas. Artikel Seminar Nasional Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Medan. Prayoto (2008) Peranan Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pengembangan IPTEK. Paper dalam Seminar Nasional Dies Natalis UGM ke 45. Soemarwoto, B. (2012) Triple helix in Indonesia Mission imposible?. The Jakarta Post, Amsterdam: 5 Januari 2012 Tuwo, L. D. (2011) Kajian Visi Indonesia 2020. Artikel BAPPENAS. Ziman, J. (1994), Prometheus Bound: Science in a Dynamic Steady State, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Ziman, J. (1991), Academic Science as a System of Markets, HigherEducationQuarterly, 12, 57-68.

Natural Environment and Campbell Soup Essay

Why do some business firms pursue a triple-bottom-line outcome while others focus only on profit maximization? Please, use a real company example to illustrate your points. The triple bottom line outcome focuses on the concept where firms are environmentally conscious and socially responsible by achieving a balance between profits, avoiding damage to the environment, and achieving social benefits (Douglas, 2012). Traditionally, firms focused on profit maximization to achieve profits to pay out dividends and capital gains so shareholders can buy things. In a recent article, Nursing Homes are overbilling Medicare $1.5 billion a year for treatments patients don’t need or never receive. When nursing homes where for-profit, 30% of claims sampled were considered improper while non-profit nursing homes estimated only 12% (Waldman, 2012). Jill Horwitz, a professor at the University of California stated that for-profit health care providers are more likely to pursue money in any way possible, even by pushing the legal envelope (Walkman, 2012). There are still for-profit companies who pursue a triple-bottom-line outcome. Campbell Soup Company has been environmentally conscious and socially responsible since 1953. The Campbell Soup Foundation has been supporting local communities where employees live and work financially. Campbell Soup’s headquarters is located in Camden, New Jersey where they donate approximately $1 million each year to impact the local residents in a positive manner (Campbell Soup Foundation). They focus on hunger relief, childhood obesity and youth-related programming. Not only does Campbell Soup invest in its local communities, they also partner is many non-profit organizations like the Boy & Girls Club and the United Way. Customers can influence firms to pay more attention to the preservation of the natural environment by emphasizing how important the community and environment in which they live are. Many organizations are now trying to go green. They are making products that use fewer materials and are less harmful to the environment. If customers refuse to buy products from organization that do not value the environment, organizations will change to customer’s needs. Along with not buying products, customers should not invest with companies who do not value the environment and communities. â€Å"Economists incorporate the triple bottom line into their models of business decision making by assuming that many individuals will buy shares in companies that achieve the triple bottom line outcomes they want and will sell shares in companies that do not† (Douglas, 2012. Pg. 7). References Campbell soup foundation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.campbellsoupcompany.com/Foundation.aspx Douglas, E. (2012). Managerial Economics (1st ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. This text is a Constellationâ„ ¢ course digital materials (CDM) title. Waldman, P. (2012, December 31). For-Profit Nursing Homes Lead in Overcharging While Care Suffers. Bloomberg. Retreived from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-31/for-profit-nursing-homes-lead-in-overcharging-while-care-suffers.html 1. Firm Objectives Why do some business firms pursue a triple-bottom-line outcome while others focus only on profit maximization? Please, use a real company example to illustrate your points. Guided Response: In 300 words or more, please, provide your response to the above discussion question. Comment on how customers can influence firms to pay more attention to the preservation of the natural environment. Respond substantively to at least two of your classmates’ postings. Substantive responses use theory, research, and experience or examples to support ideas and further the class knowledge on the discussion topic. 2. Decision Making Under Uncertainty To save on gasoline expenses, Edith and Mathew agreed to carpool together for traveling to and from work. Edith preferred to travel on I-20 highway as it was usually the fastest, taking 25 minutes in the absence of traffic delays. Mathew pointed out that traffic jams on the highway can lead to long delays making the trip 45 minutes. He preferred to travel along Shea Boulevard, which was longer (35 minutes), but rarely had traffic jams. Edith agreed that in case of traffic jams, Shea Boulevard was a reasonable alternative. Neither of them knows the state of the highway ahead of time. After driving to work on the I-20 highway for 1 month (20 workdays), they found the highway to be jammed 3 times. Uncertainty is when the potential outcomes are not predictable and/or the probabilities of these outcomes are not estimable ahead of time (Douglas, 2012). * I-20 = 25 minutes w/o delays (25 minutes * 365 days = 9,125 minutes) * I-20 = 45 minutes w/ delays * Shea Boulevard = 35 minutes w/o delays * 1st month of travel there where 3 traffic delays assuming 20 workdays each month 1. Assuming that this month is a good representation of all months ahead, should Edith and Mathew continue to use the highway for traveling to work? * 3 jams (workdays) * 45 minutes = 135 minutes * 17 workdays * 25 minutes = 425 minutes * Total = 560 minutes compared to * 20 workdays * 35 minutes = 700 minutes when taking Shea Boulevard. Edith and Mathew should continue to use the highway because they save 140 minutes each month. 2. How would you conclusion change for the winter months, if bad weather makes it likely for traffic jams on the highway to increase to 6 days per month? * 6 jams (workdays) * 45 minutes = 270 minutes * 14 workdays * 25 minutes = 350 minutes * Total = 620 minutes compared to * 20 workdays * 35 minutes = 700 minutes when taking Shea Boulevard. Edith and Mathew should still continue to take I-20 during winter months because they will continue to save time. They will save 80 minutes of time taking the highway during winter months. 3. How would your conclusion change if Mathew purchased a new smart-phone app that could show the status of the highway traffic prior to their drive each morning, thus reducing the probability of them getting into a jam down to only 1day per month (where on this day, the app showed no traffic jam, but a jam developed in the meantime as they were driving along the highway). The conclusion would change in that Edith and Mathew should take Shea Boulevard on days in which they know there is an accident ahead of time. Either way they should continue to take the highway unless they discover accidents ahead of time. Non-Winter * 1 jams (workdays) * 45 minutes = 45 minutes * 17 workdays (highway) * 25 minutes = 425 minutes * 2 workdays (Shea Boulevard) * 35 minutes = 70 * Total = 540 minutes compared to * 20 workdays * 35 minutes = 700 minutes when taking Shea Boulevard. Winter * 1 jams (workdays) * 45 minutes = 45 minutes * 14 workdays (highway) * 25 minutes = 350 minutes * 5 workdays (Shea Boulevard) * 35 minutes = 175 minutes * Total = 570 minutes compared to * 20 workdays * 35 minutes = 700 minutes when taking Shea Boulevard. 4. Further, comment on how the conclusions of this problem will change if there was no uncertainty and the highway always had traffic jams, whereas Shea Blvd was always traffic jam free? Is this scenario realistic and why? Respond substantively to at least two of your classmates’ postings * 20 workdays * 45 minutes (I-20 w/ jams) = 900 minutes. * 20 workdays * 35 minutes (Shea Boulevard) = 700 minutes. If this was the case, Edith and Mathew would take Shea Boulevard every day. The scenario can be realistic because construction could incur at some point throughout the year cause delays and an increase in accident rates. References Douglas, E. (2012). Managerial Economics (1st ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. This text is a Constellationâ„ ¢ course digital materials (CDM) title.